Clinical decision-support only. For use by licensed dental professionals. Not a substitute for professional judgment or a complete drug reference. Always verify with primary sources.
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Medication

Cyclosporine

Immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor)

Brand names: Sandimmune, Neoral

Oral health effects

  • Gingival overgrowth

    Common in transplant patients; risk and severity increase when combined with a calcium channel blocker.

    Mechanism: Stimulation of gingival fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis with diminished degradation.

    Clinical management: Aggressive plaque control and recall; coordinate with the transplant team before any medication change.

  • Increased infection / candidiasis risk & delayed healing

    Systemic immunosuppression raises the risk of oral candidiasis, viral reactivation (HSV), and delayed wound healing.

    Clinical management: Monitor for fungal/viral infection; emphasize hygiene; consider antimicrobial prophylaxis per medical advice; plan atraumatic care and coordinate timing of invasive procedures.

Sources

  1. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplants patients. Lomelí-Martínez SM, Martínez-Nieto M, Rodríguez-Montaño R, et al. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2026.
  2. Gingival overgrowth in subjects under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or sirolimus. Cota LO, Aquino DR, Franco GC, et al. Journal of clinical periodontology, 2010.
  3. Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth-Molecular Aspects of Drug Actions. Droździk A, Droździk M. International journal of molecular sciences, 2023.
  4. Common Oral Conditions: A Review. Stoopler ET, Villa A, Bindakhil M, et al. JAMA, 2024.