Clinical decision-support only. For use by licensed dental professionals. Not a substitute for professional judgment or a complete drug reference. Always verify with primary sources.
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Mineral

Magnesium

Likelihood in at-risk patientsLow

Likelihood of deficiency within an at-risk group, not the general population.

Evidence confidenceModerate

Strength of the peer-reviewed evidence.

Food sources

Nuts and seeds, Whole grains, Leafy greens, Legumes

Typical intake: 310–420 mg/day depending on age and sex (RDA).

Upper limit: 350 mg/day from supplements/medications only (no UL for food-based magnesium).

Dental & oral effects of deficiency

  • Reduced bone mineral density

    Magnesium supports bone matrix formation; chronic deficiency may contribute to lower alveolar bone density.

  • Periodontal attachment loss (contributory)

    Alongside calcium and vitamin D, low magnesium status is associated with greater periodontal breakdown in population studies.

Dental & oral effects of surplus / excess

No well-established oral-specific effect of excess intake on file.

General toxicity (not necessarily oral-specific)

  • Diarrhea / GI upset: The most common effect of excess supplemental magnesium; more serious toxicity (cardiac, neurologic) is largely limited to renal impairment.

Sources

  1. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: oral health and nutrition. Touger-Decker R, Mobley C, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013.
  2. A Prescription for Change: Food as Medicine & the Vital Role of Nutrition in Patient Care. teethFirst. Continuing education course material, 2025.